SPF雏鸡感染网状内皮组织增殖病病毒后肿瘤坏死因子的动态变化

采用微量细胞病变法和四甲基偶氮唑盐（ＭＴＴ）法研究了１日龄ＳＰＦ雏鸡感染网状内皮细胞增殖病病毒（ＲＥＶ）后,免疫器官脾脏肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）诱生活性动态变化。结果表明,雏鸡感染ＲＥＶ后脾脏细胞ＴＮＦ诱生活性极显著增高（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＴＮＦ诱生活性明显增高与ＲＥＶ在机体各器官内长期大量繁殖紧密相关,并引起各免疫器官严重的变质性变化,以及由于ＴＮＦ高含量的免疫损伤作用而降低机体各免疫器官的机能。     

Dietary supplementation of Zingiber officinale and Zingiber zerumbet to heat‐stressed broiler chickens and its effect on heat shock protein 70 expression,blood parameters and body temperature

The present study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of Zingiber officinale and Zingiber zerumbet and to heat‐stressed broiler chickens on heat shock protein (HSP) 70 density, plasma corticosterone concentration (CORT), heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (HLR) and body temperature. Beginning from day 28, chicks were divided into five dietary groups: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet +1%Z. zerumbet powder (ZZ1%), (iii) basal diet +2%Z. zerumbet powder (ZZ2%), (iv) basal diet +1%Z. officinale powder (ZO1%) and (v) basal diet +2%Z. officinale powder (ZO2%). From day 35–42, heat stress was induced by exposing birds to 38 ± 1 °C and 80% RH for 2 h/day. Irrespective of diet, heat challenge elevated HSP70 expression, CORT and HLR on day 42. On day 42, following heat challenge, the ZZ1% birds showed lower body temperatures than those of control, ZO1% and ZO2%. Neither CORT nor HLR was significantly affected by diet. The ZO2% and ZZ2% diets enhanced HSP70 expression when compared to the control groups. We concluded that dietary supplementation of Z. officinale and Z. zerumbet powder may induce HSP70 reaction in broiler chickens exposed to heat stress.     

The Use of Antigen-capture Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the Diagnosis of Rinderpest and Peste des Petits Ruminants in Ethiopia

Rinderpest had been reported in most parts of Ethiopia when the Pan African Rinderpest Campaign (PARC) was launched. As a result of intensive disease investigation and strategic vaccination, most parts of the country are now considered provisionally free, and widespread vaccination has been replaced by clinical and serological surveillance. Details of any episodes of disease are recorded and followed up after laboratory confirmation of suspected cass using antigen-capture ELISA. This paper is based on observations on the performance of the antigen detection ELISA compared to the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test, which also differentiates rinderpest from peste des petits ruminants (PPR). The stability of the specific viral antigen was monitored for 4 days, and rinderpest and PPR antigens were still detected, depending on the type of specimen. Antigen capture ELISA is more rapid, sensitive and virus specific than the AGID. Even if the cold chain of the specimen is compromised for a day or two during sample collection and submission, the specimen may still be suitable for testing by ELISA.     

安徽省鸡常见病毒性肿瘤病的检测与调查

应用已建立的鸡肿瘤病快速鉴别诊断技术对源自安徽省5个不同地区的46个鸡群的肿瘤病、抑制病疑似病、死鸡305羽进行检测。结果表明,马立克氏病的阳性率为39．34%(120/305),禽网状内皮组织增生征阳性率为8．52%(26/305),禽白血病阳性率为2．624%(8/305)；另对17群未进行MD免疫的肉鸡进行随机抽样检测,其中5个鸡群检测出马立克氏病病毒强毒,阳性率为29．41%(5/17),阳性群的平均检出率为24 %。     

农村养鸡防疫存在问题及对策

科学疫病防控是现代化家禽养殖产业发展中一项重要和不可或缺的工作,是实现鸡养殖产业健康可持续发展的关键所在。由于农村地区的很多养殖户科学疫病防控重视程度不高,在养殖管理过程中并没有构建完善的疫病防控措施,养殖管理方案不当,鸡群处于亚健康状态,身体抵抗能力较差,一旦某些传染性疾病在养殖场中爆发流行,很容易造成严重危害,使大量鸡死亡,给养殖场带来不可挽回的经济损失。该文分析农村养鸡防疫存在的问题,论述具体的解决措施。     

网状内皮组织增殖病病毒感染SPF雏鸡外周血液T,B淋巴细胞数量变化

应用ＳＰＡ菌体花环法检测网状内皮组织增殖病病毒（ＲＥＶ）感染ＳＰＦ雏鸡外周血液Ｔ、Ｂ淋巴细胞数量动态变化。结果发现,１日龄ＳＰＦ雏鸡感染ＲＥＶ后７～４９ｄ外周血液Ｔ淋巴细胞数量,１４～４９ｄＢ淋巴细胞数量均明显低于对照组。表明感染ＲＥＶ的ＳＰＦ雏鸡外周血液的细胞免疫和体液免疫水平均下降。     

锰缺乏对蛋鸡生殖性能的影响

父母代罗曼蛋鸡４８只,随机分两组,低锰（基础日粮含锰１２．０４ｍｇ／ｋｇ）和补锰对照日粮（基础日粮＋锰８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）试验期３２周,饲喂至５～８周时,少数缺锰雏鸡出破跛行和跟腱滑脱,锰缺乏时,对蛋鸡生殖性能的影响主要表现为;缺锰公鸡睾丸较小,曲细精管生殖上皮分化较迟,缺锰母鸡产蛋率较低（Ｐ〈０．０５）,蛋黄锰含量极显著低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,母鸡血清中促卵泡素和公鸡睾酮含量,缺锰鸡均显著或极显     

淮南麻黄鸡屠宰性能与肌肉部分品质的研究

研究60日龄淮南麻黄鸡的屠宰性能和肌肉部分品质。结果表明：淮南麻黄鸡的活重、屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率分别为877．2g、84．57％、74．72％、60．76％、20．68％和20．25％,且公鸡显著高于母鸡(P＜0．05)。公、母仔鸡间肌肉主要品质差异不显著;而在同一性别内,胸肌的红度板显著低于腿肌、亮度高于腿肌;胸肌的失水率、蒸煮损失、贮存损失及粗蛋白含量高于腿肌,腿肌的粗脂肪含量较高。肌纤维直径为28．59～29．59μm。淮南麻黄鸡的肉质优良。